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Example of a cinema Distributor. Example of a 1930's style cinema. Cinema In Western societies we are well beyond the era of traditional cinema and traditional culture. What does this mean? What are the debates of the 21st Century? One of the debates is that stars are no longer drawing Box-office results Look up marketing for Cinemas, streaming services, community shared screenings etc.

Read: 1. marketing cinema. A UK study below Audiences have been targeted aggressively, persuasively,speculatively and subtly, but never in the history of marketing to any __guaranteed__ returns for effort. Films are risky business. Economic investment is made into the area of targeting, but marketing is, at best a hit and miss affair. So, why is marketing an activity and what leads the marketers to pick and try strategies for targeting?.

The marketing investment is funded by the owners of the media. So, what are their stakes?

marketing cinema today. A UK study Market positioning( 2007) There are of course many types of public cinema, from modern multiplexes through local independent cinemas to part-time facilities in arts and community centres. Film societies and mobile touring cinemas are important for certain communities. Now that digital cinemas have become a reality, it seems likely that more and more new cinemas will now appear at commercial and leisure facilities such as high street shops, bars, restaurants, sports centres and libraries.

Commercial cinema
The rapid growth in the number of multiplex cinemas is well documented. Currently one third of cinemas in the UK are multiplexes but they have two thirds of all screens and take two thirds of admissions. Multiplexes dominate the commercial sector. Usually defined as a cinema with five or more screens, a multiplex is typically built on the assumption that it will generate at least 50,000 admissions per screen per year. Multinational cinema exhibitors may anticipate substantially higher figures: 70,000 to 80,000 per screen depending on the location of the multiplex and the competition. In addition to the multiplexes there are several hundred independent commercial cinemas operating throughout the UK. The overwhelming majority of these cinemas have just one or two screens. They may operate with attendance levels as low as 20,000 to 30,000 per screen, although at this level it is difficult to be profitable. A diverse range of part-time cinemas operate successfully within arts centres, libraries and other public facilities.

Specialised cinema
Apart from the latest Hollywood releases, there is an enormous range of films to choose from. Over a hundred years of film production and titles from all continents are potentially available. Broadening the range of films available to a particular community is often one of the basic objectives of community cinemas, art-house cinemas or any facility which receives public funding. These so called ‘specialised’ cinemas enhance the cinema-going experience with guest speakers, exhibitions and education courses in addition to the broader range of film titles they offer. Those cinemas are expected to play an important role in bringing locally or regionally produced films on to public cinema screens, alongside the broadest possible selection of new films from around the world, and screenings of historically important and archival films. In addition, local film festivals have proved to be very popular in smaller towns throughout Europe and can attract considerable attention from local residents and businesses. In order to decide what kind of cinema provision might be appropriate for your potential audiences you need to establish what kind of cinema provision already exists (if any) and what you could offer that would be different. It is risky to compete against a multiplex with blockbuster titles because the distributors are very unlikely to give you the film until a few weeks after release when most of your audience will have seen it. Differentiation is the key, and for the independent cinema, there are two parts of the offer where this can be developed – the programme and the physical environment. The quality of a particular cinema can make a dramatic difference to the number of people who attend. Old, uncomfortable and unsophisticated cinemas cannot compete with the standards set by modern leisure facilities and potential audiences respond accordingly. Research and the evidence of the cinema industry in general, have shown that cinemagoers want new release films, value for money and choice. How these factors are viewed varies among individual cinemagoers. A family going to see a Harry Potter film at a multiplex will have a different concept of ‘quality’ and ‘choice’ compared to a cinemagoer wanting access to a range of films from around the world. The standard of cinema buildings, audience comfort levels and the quality of technical presentation have all risen sharply in the last decade in the face of competition in the wider leisure market, and developments in home cinema. Unobstructed viewing, large screens, multi-channel sound systems, comfortable seats with generous legroom and increasingly, High Definition digital cinema projection and digital 3D, are all now considered to be the basic requirements by many contemporary cinemagoers. As exhibitors face increasing competition they are seeking to differentiate themselves from competitors by refurbishing their cinemas to even higher standards. Notions of ‘quality’ refer to the programme and standards of presentation but also extend to include facilities such as safe car parking, bars and restaurants. A small number of cinemas, often run by independent companies, include crèches, youth areas and wifi and destination bars and restaurants. Public authorities who are involved in planning, economic development, social and cultural policies, may have additional criteria for a new development, for example: It may be difficult or impossible for one cinema to fulfil all the local requirements. In such circumstances a combination of full-time and part-time provision may result in a considerable improvement and an overall rise to cinema admissions.
 * The cinema should be located so that it assists the development of the evening economy and local regeneration.
 * The scale of the cinema should allow it to be integrated into town centres in such a manner that it enhances pedestrian use of the town centre.
 * The programme should cater for the diversity of the local population.

there are sub-audiences besides audiences for popular cinema e.g. Audiences for the From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   Japanese director [|Akira Kurosawa] made a number of films in the 1950s and 1960s that broke the conventions of mainstream filmmaking. An **art film** (also known as **art movie**, **specialty film**, **art house film**, or in the collective sense as **art cinema**) is typically a serious,[|independently made] film aimed at a [|niche] audience rather than a [|mass audience] .[|[1] ] Film critics and [|film studies] scholars typically define an "art film" using a "...canon of films and those formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films",[|[2] ] which includes, among other elements: a [|social realism] style; an emphasis on the authorial expressivity of the director; and a focus on the thoughts and dreams of characters, rather than presenting a clear, goal-driven story. Film scholar [|David Bordwell] claims that "art cinema itself is a [film] <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|genre], with its own distinct conventions."<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[|[3] ] > <span style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres (<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|repertory cinemas], or in the U.S. "arthouse cinemas") and <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|film festivals]. The term //art film// is much more widely used in the United States than in Europe, where the term is more associated with<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|"auteur" films] and "<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|national cinema] " (e.g., German national cinema). Art films are aimed at small <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|niche market] audiences, which means they can rarely get the financial backing which will permit large production budgets, expensive <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|special effects], costly <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|celebrity] actors, or huge advertising campaigns, as are used in <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|widely-released] mainstream <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|blockbuster] films. Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film, which typically uses lesser-known film actors (or even amateur actors) and modest sets to make films which focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or filmmaking conventions. > <span style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Furthermore, a certain degree of experience and intellect are required to understand or appreciate such films; one late 1990s art film was called "largely a cerebral experience" which you enjoy "because of what you know about film".<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[|[4] ] This contrasts sharply with mainstream "blockbuster" films, which are geared more towards <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|escapism] and pure entertainment. For promotion, art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics' reviews, discussion of their film by arts columnists, commentators, and <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|bloggers], and "word-of-mouth" promotion by audience members. Since art films have small initial investment costs, they only need to appeal to a small portion of the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|mainstream] viewing audiences to become financially viable. > > film genres <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">__//Terror of the Box Office?//__ > > > > <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 11.6999998092651px;">Conglomorates ( e.g Disney) > > Audience debates http://geekscape.net/news/3d-movies-already-in-decline-in-us || ==<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: black; display: inline; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 0px; width: auto;">**Contents** ==
 * =<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: #aaaaaa; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 1.6em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: auto;">Art film ** =


 * <span style="display: block; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|1 History]
 * <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">[|1.1 Antecedents: 1910–1920s]
 * <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">[|1.2 1930s–1950s]
 * <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">[|1.3 1960s–1970s]
 * <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">[|1.4 1980s–2000s]

|| http://www.filmsite.org/childrensfilms.html
 * <span style="background-image: none; color: #0645ad; display: block; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[|2 Deviations from mainstream film norms]
 * <span style="display: block; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|3 Timeline of notable films]
 * <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">[|3.1 1920s–1940s]
 * <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">[|3.2 1950s]
 * <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">[|3.2.1 Asia]
 * <span style="border-collapse: separate; color: #ff7400; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 22px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Children look at films

people who seek careers in marketing make a study of psychology. Students who study audience for cinema shall link through from this assessment to the audiences for films where you look for meanings in June or society and cinema in New Zealand

What is film? Why does it have appeal? Are there several audiences for film? How do films differ? When is a film different from another film? How?

Consider some facts and case studies

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 21pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: -18pt;"> - Make a discussion about audience response

film history cont
 * [|3.3 1960s]
 * [|3.4 1970s]
 * [|3.5 1980s]
 * [|3.6 1990s]
 * [|3.7 2000s]


 * [|4 Related concepts]
 * <span style="background-color: initial; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">[|4.1 Art television]


 * [|5 See also]
 * [|6 References]

<span style="color: #e10e0e; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">-
 * 1) <span style="color: #e10e0e; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Discuss the mechanics of web technology

Discussion on exhibition and audience

=== motion pictures are complex products that are difficult to make well; no one knows they like a movie until they see it; movies are “one-off” unique products; their “shelf life” is only a few weeks; movies enter and exit the market on a continuing basis; movies compete against a changing cast of competitors as they play out their theatrical “runs”; most movies have but a week or two to capture the audience’s imagination; a rare handful have “legs” and enjoy long runs; weekly box-office revenues are concentrated on only three or four top ranking films; most movies lose money. ===

from Devany

<span style="color: #e33535; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">Read devany and see a recent article on Audience Debates

<span style="color: #e33535; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">- the decline of the star

<span style="color: #f87272; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 21.8181819915772px;">the semiotics of continuous ||